Thermodynamic Analysis of Hybrid Energy Systems: A Review of Modeling and Optimization Strategies

Abstract

The rising demand of energy and the rising concerns of the environment have provided a great demand of efficient, reliable and sustainable hybrid energy solutions. Conventional single-source energy systems tend to be very difficult on intermittency, conversion loss, and sub-optimal performance. To gain insight into the role of energy and exergy techniques in enhancing the operation of multi-source arrangements, in this paper, an overview of thermodynamic analysis, optimization strategies and recent advances in Hybrid Energy Systems (HES) is provided. According to the review, the following factors play a role in increasing the reliability and operational efficiency because of energy flow modeling, subsystem interaction and load-matching strategies: Moreover, more intricate exergy-based assessment can be used to detect irreversibilities, which allows designing a better system. Recent works concerning the hybrid storage integration, dynamics of PV winds, fuel-cell assisted systems, and microgrid control structures are also reviewed. The results suggest the increased applicability of optimization techniques, such as multi-objective and intelligent control algorithms, to the issues of efficiency, cost, and environmental constraints. In general, the research paper offers a systematic insight into the thermodynamic-based enhancements that are imperative in the design of new, high-performance HES architectures.