A survey on Renewable Energy in Power Management Systems: Trends, Technologies, and Future Perspectives

Abstract

A switch to renewable energy sources (RES) is essential due to the growing demand for energy worldwide and the negative environmental impacts of fossil fuel-based power generation. Sustainable strategies to halt climate change, reduce greenhouse gas emissions, and provide long-term energy security include renewable energy technologies including solar, wind, hydro, geothermal, and biomass. However, because RES are intermittent, integrating them into power management systems (PMS) is difficult and calls for sophisticated control mechanisms for efficiency and stability. This study examines power management systems (PMS) in the context of renewable energy integration in detail, focussing on important technologies such as hybrid energy systems, microgrids, smart grids, and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). The application of machine learning (ML), artificial intelligence, and predictive analytics to energy forecasting and optimization is also covered. The paper also explores challenges in global energy sector development, including infrastructure limitations, economic constraints, and policy considerations. To speed up the worldwide shift to renewable energy-driven power management systems, future research directions are finally highlighted, highlighting the necessity of creative energy storage options, improved grid resilience, and sustainable energy regulations.