Security and Privacy Management in Cloud Computing: A Review of Risk, Compliance, and Governance Strategies

Abstract

Cloud computing has now emerged as a paradigm-shifting practice in the IT field, enabling organizations to realize scalability, cost-effective and flexible operations. Nevertheless, its implementation poses a vital issue of security, privacy, governance, and compliance. The study summarizes the most important risk management principles in the context of cloud, including the integration of technical controls, compliance frameworks, and governance to secure sensitive data. Risks that are discussed in the paper include information breaches, denial-of-service, phishing, and key exposure and access control, authentication, and intrusion detection techniques are discussed. The requirements of maintaining compliance to regulatory frameworks like GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI DSS, industry-based standards like ISO 27001 and SOC 2 are provided as a detailed analysis of why continuous monitoring and adaptive governance are needed. Moreover, cloud governance strategies are discussed as critical tools which are needed to bridge security with organizational goals: centralized, federated, and hybrid. The results showed that a successful adaptation can only be achieved through well-established governance and regulations, as well as the application of emerging technologies to improve monitoring and hazard prevention, such as AI and blockchain. The future looks toward the development of automated, AI-based models to enable response to changes in threats to achieve resilient and compliant cloud operations