A Survey of Code-Based vs Numerical Approaches for Piping Stress Evaluation

Abstract

Piping stress assessment is a major priority of making sure that pipeline systems perform safely, reliably and long term under different loads of mechanical, thermal and environmental conditions. The review gives a detailed theoretical and numerical piping stress analysis framework, which includes categorization of stress, failure modes, design criteria, and code-based and numerical methods of evaluation. Primary, secondary, peak, and occasional stresses are used to describe the theoretical background. Important stress failure approaches are also included, such as: plastic deformation, buckling, fatigue, and collapse. An overview of established piping design codes and the basis of their analysis is made to draw attention to their intended purpose of providing pressure integrity and structural integrity. Complex processes, including nonlinear material behaviour, thermal effects, and residual stress following welding, can be better modelled with the use of advanced numerical methods, particularly finite element modelling, than with simplified code-based approaches. In order to replicate the overlay weld procedures, a detailed finite element model is employed. To predict the distribution of temperatures and the development of stress, this model utilizes a specifically developed heat source, a double-ellipsoidal heat source. The paper highlights the relevance of combining theoretical knowledge, design principles, and computer analysis to obtain correct and trustworthy piping stress analysis in contemporary engineering studies.